Autor
Resumen
Este trabajo analiza el golpe de Estado del 23 de febrero de 1981, el 23-F, a través de la utilización de distintas categorías que apuntan a la estructura de oportunidad política que puede dar lugar a la aparición de movimientos golpistas, a la existencia de colectivos que articulen un discurso con idéntico objetivo y a la movilización, organización y consecución de recursos para ejecutar un golpe. Además, intenta desmontar la interpretación del 23-F que considera la existencia de varias tramas coincidentes. Para ello, al observar la situación política previa al golpe, se insiste en separar las distintas estrategias que plantearon la formación de un gobierno de concentración, por un lado, de la operación golpista de los militares de extrema derecha, por otro. La aparente vinculación final entre ambas contribuyó a que no se aclarase definitivamente lo ocurrido.
Abstract
The coup d'État ofthe «23-F» and the Spanish transition. This ar-ticle analyses the coup d'État staged in Spain on February 1981 (known as the 23-F) through the use of different categories that make reference to the structure of political opportunities that can give place to the appearance of movements able to execute a coup; to the exis-tence of groups that articúlate a radical discourse; and to the mobili-sation, organisation and attainment of resources to stage the coup. The national and international context, as well as the erroneous stra-tegy adopted by the extreme right, favoured the appearance of groups with capacity to carry out a coup. The extremist press played the role of building up a discourse contrary to the political transition. The mo-bilisation of the military officers that were near to the extreme right favoured the organisation of the 23-F. Also, the article will disprove the interpretaron according to which there were several plots that coinci-ded in the time. It will argüe that the coup of the military officers and the eventual formation of a concentraron government were unrelated events, and not part of a common plan. The apparent linking among both operations has contributed to obscure what happened.