Autor
Palabras clave
regulación
liberalización
energía
infraestructuras en red
transporte de energía
funciones de interés general.
Resumen
En el actual contexto de liberalización de los sectores económicos en red (energía, transportes y telecomunicaciones) las actividades directamente conectadas al uso de las infraestructuras tienen carácter regulado para contrarrestar su condición de monopolios naturales. Dentro de las actividades reguladas destaca el segmento del transporte (transmisión a gran escala y distancia de bienes o servicios) por desarrollarse sobre instalaciones unitarias explotadas por una única compañía privada. En el ámbito de la energía se trata de Red Eléctrica de España (titular de la red de alta tensión), ENAGAS (titular de la red básica de gasoductos de alta presión y almacenamientos subterráneos) y la Compañía Logística de Hidrocarburos (titular de la red de oleoductos). El regulador ha investido a estas compañías privadas de funciones de interés general, en cuanto operadores del sistema y gestores de la red en su conjunto, que se añaden a su condición de transportistas. A la vez, estas sociedades son objeto de una regulación singular para garantizar su neutralidad en el ejercicio de sus funciones y su independencia respecto a los operadores del sector. Esta regulación se extiende a sus actividades (que son exclusivas e incompatibles con otras), al régimen de sus bienes (gravados por los derechos de uso de terceros), e incluso al reparto accionarial del capital de esas compañías. Las singularidades compartidas por estas empresas de transporte de energía revelan un novedoso estatuto jurídico, que puede ser extendido a otros sectores, y permiten su catalogación como sociedades reguladas de infraestructuras estratégicas.
Keywords
regulation; liberalization; energy; networking facilities; energy transmission; general interest functions
Abstract
In the current liberalization context of the networking sectors (energy, transportation, and
telecommunications) the use of essential facilities is regulated to counteract their natural
monopoly condition. Transmission on a large scale and distance of goods and services plays a
special role among the regulated activities as it’s carried out through single network exploited
by single private companies. In the realm of energy it’s the case of Red Eléctrica de España
(owner of the high-voltage grid), ENAGAS (owner of the basic high-pressure gas pipes and
underground storages) and the Compañía Logística de Hidrocarburos (owner of the oil
pipelines network). The regulator conferred these private companies on general interest
functions, inasmuch as they are not only carriers, but system operators and whole net
managers. At the same time these corporations receive special regulations to guarantee their
operational neutrality and their independence from competitors in their utility sector. This
regulation spreads out to their activities (exclusive and incompatible with others), their
facilities (burdened by third party access) and even to the share distribution in the capital of
these companies. The shared singularities of these energy transmission companies reveal an
original legal status, exportable to other sectors, so that they deserve to be designated as
strategic-facilities regulated companies.
telecommunications) the use of essential facilities is regulated to counteract their natural
monopoly condition. Transmission on a large scale and distance of goods and services plays a
special role among the regulated activities as it’s carried out through single network exploited
by single private companies. In the realm of energy it’s the case of Red Eléctrica de España
(owner of the high-voltage grid), ENAGAS (owner of the basic high-pressure gas pipes and
underground storages) and the Compañía Logística de Hidrocarburos (owner of the oil
pipelines network). The regulator conferred these private companies on general interest
functions, inasmuch as they are not only carriers, but system operators and whole net
managers. At the same time these corporations receive special regulations to guarantee their
operational neutrality and their independence from competitors in their utility sector. This
regulation spreads out to their activities (exclusive and incompatible with others), their
facilities (burdened by third party access) and even to the share distribution in the capital of
these companies. The shared singularities of these energy transmission companies reveal an
original legal status, exportable to other sectors, so that they deserve to be designated as
strategic-facilities regulated companies.