The José Ortega y Gasset’s Invertebrate Spain, one of the most influential political essays in the 20th century in Spain, was published almost a century ago. Ortega’s book demystifies the criticism of the 98-movement, but in turn mystifies the supposed historical abnormality of Spain and activates the rhetoric of the Castilian. This paper underlines the most equivocal aspects of the Ortega’s essay (the assumed permanent Spanish decadence, the lack of Germanic blood and the Castilian imprint on Spain), the most important controversies to which it gives rise, and the political solution to the spanish problem: the reconstruction of the State. This constituent project is based on the historical and political analysis of Invertebrate Spain.