Autor
Palabras clave
Nacionalismo vasco
Democracia
radicalismo político
historia conceptual.
Resumen
Este artículo analiza el modo en que el nacionalismo radical vasco, liderado desde 1958 por ETA, ha comprendido y utilizado el concepto de democracia. A pesar de las distintas modas ideológicas por las que ha pasado a lo largo de su historia, se ha mantenido siempre la constante de considerar que una verdadera democracia debe asumir la existencia de un pueblo vasco como un sujeto unitario con capacidad de decisión en todos los ámbitos. Ese sujeto, además, no se expresaría al modo liberal, por medio de un sistema representativo. En la medida en que constituye una «comunidad de vida» entre nacionalistas, exigiría un tipo de participación de carácter místico donde pueda manifestarse la fraternidad y la unidad del «pueblo» y su vinculación con la lengua y la tierra. Por definición, quienes, en virtud de su identidad española o francesa, son considerados sus enemigos y un factor disgregativo, quedarían completamente excluidos. El «poder del pueblo» requeriría así la segregación de la parte «enferma» de la sociedad.
Keywords
Basque nationalism; democracy; political radicalism; conceptual history.
Abstract
This article analyses the way in which radical Basque nationalism, led since 1958 by ETA, has understood and used the concept of democracy. In spite of the different
historical phases through which it has passed, the constant has always been that a true democracy assumes the existence of a Basque people, as a unitary subject, with
the capacity to make decisions in all spheres. Moreover, this subject would not express itself in a liberal way, by means of a representative system. To the extent that it constitutes a “community of life” among nationalists, it would require a type of mystical participation where the brotherhood and unity of “the people”, and its link with the
land and the language, could be manifested. By definition, those who, by virtue of their Spanish or French identity, are considered enemies and a disintegrating factor,
should be completely excluded. The “power of the people” would thus require the segregation of the “sick” part of society.
historical phases through which it has passed, the constant has always been that a true democracy assumes the existence of a Basque people, as a unitary subject, with
the capacity to make decisions in all spheres. Moreover, this subject would not express itself in a liberal way, by means of a representative system. To the extent that it constitutes a “community of life” among nationalists, it would require a type of mystical participation where the brotherhood and unity of “the people”, and its link with the
land and the language, could be manifested. By definition, those who, by virtue of their Spanish or French identity, are considered enemies and a disintegrating factor,
should be completely excluded. The “power of the people” would thus require the segregation of the “sick” part of society.