Autor
Palabras clave
Gobierno. Sistemas electorales. Partidos Políticos en Italia.
Resumen
El presente estudio expone la evolución de la forma de gobierno y de las leye electorales en la Italia republicana. Tras una breve descripción de la forma de gobierno en el Estado liberal y en el régimen fascista, se detiene en el modelo previsto en la Constitución, señalando tres fases en su aplicación.
Una primera fase que corresponde a la primera legislatura republicana, época en
la que se forman mayorías sólidas en torno al partido de la Democracia Cristiana. La segunda, de mayor duración, es la denominada «Primera República», que abarca desde 1953 a 1992 y que se caracterizará por una marcada inestabilidad gubernativa. Finalmente, la tercera fase arranca en 1993, con la reforma electoral en sentido mayoritario, que mostrará una tendencia al bipolarismo y a la alterancia.
El estudio concluye con puntuales referencias a la aplicación, en 2006 y en 2008, de la nueva ley electoral proporcional con «premio de mayoría» y barrera electoral, al objeto de evidenciar que no es idóneo utilizar el sistema electoral como único instrumento para modificar, sin alterar la Constitución misma, la forma de gobierno, ya que se corre el riesgo de hacer inoperante la función representativa del Parlamento.
Una primera fase que corresponde a la primera legislatura republicana, época en
la que se forman mayorías sólidas en torno al partido de la Democracia Cristiana. La segunda, de mayor duración, es la denominada «Primera República», que abarca desde 1953 a 1992 y que se caracterizará por una marcada inestabilidad gubernativa. Finalmente, la tercera fase arranca en 1993, con la reforma electoral en sentido mayoritario, que mostrará una tendencia al bipolarismo y a la alterancia.
El estudio concluye con puntuales referencias a la aplicación, en 2006 y en 2008, de la nueva ley electoral proporcional con «premio de mayoría» y barrera electoral, al objeto de evidenciar que no es idóneo utilizar el sistema electoral como único instrumento para modificar, sin alterar la Constitución misma, la forma de gobierno, ya que se corre el riesgo de hacer inoperante la función representativa del Parlamento.
Keywords
Government. Electoral systems. Political parties in Italy.
Abstract
The article is aimed to underline the evolution of the Italian system of government
and of the Italian electoral system, since the 1948 Constitution. After a short description of the system of government in the era of the Kingdom of Italy and of the fascist regime, the article discuss the model established by the 1948 Constitution. Three stages in its development are pointed out.
The first phase corresponds to the first legislature, when a stable majority cabinet
was established by the Democratic Christian Party (DC). The second phase, longer, corresponds to the so called «First Republic», from 1953 to 1992», characterized by instable governments. The third phase begins in 1993, with the reform of the elecoral system, from proportional to majority. The tendency is towards the bipolarism and alternance in government. The last part of the article refers to the enforcement, in 2006 and 208 elections, of the electoral law 2005. The new electoral system is proportional, with majority prize and election threshold barrage. The article claims that is incorrect to use the electoral
system as an instrument to influence, without any constitutional amendment, the form of government. The risk of that an attitude is to frustrate the representative function of the parliament.
and of the Italian electoral system, since the 1948 Constitution. After a short description of the system of government in the era of the Kingdom of Italy and of the fascist regime, the article discuss the model established by the 1948 Constitution. Three stages in its development are pointed out.
The first phase corresponds to the first legislature, when a stable majority cabinet
was established by the Democratic Christian Party (DC). The second phase, longer, corresponds to the so called «First Republic», from 1953 to 1992», characterized by instable governments. The third phase begins in 1993, with the reform of the elecoral system, from proportional to majority. The tendency is towards the bipolarism and alternance in government. The last part of the article refers to the enforcement, in 2006 and 208 elections, of the electoral law 2005. The new electoral system is proportional, with majority prize and election threshold barrage. The article claims that is incorrect to use the electoral
system as an instrument to influence, without any constitutional amendment, the form of government. The risk of that an attitude is to frustrate the representative function of the parliament.